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Tax Reform and Competitiveness

In recent years, Canada’s tax system has discouraged the investment and risk-taking businesses need to grow while weakening incentives for skilled workers to work more or stay in Canada. Corporate tax rates and capital gains treatment have both moved in the wrong direction, signalling to investors that Canada is a less attractive place to invest. However, if passed, the proposed Productivity Mega Deduction would narrow the gap with the US on investment write-offs. Canada also relies less on more efficient consumption taxes than its peers, leaning instead on the income and investment taxes that do the most economic damage. It has been nearly 40 years since Canada’s last comprehensive tax reform, and that overdue reform is where this agenda begins.

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Tax Reform and Competitiveness Recommendation Summary

Recommendation Area of Reform Level of Government Source Document
1 Pursue “big bang” tax reform, collapsing personal income tax to three brackets, replacing most credits with a $10,000 basic allowance, and cutting the general corporate tax rate to 10 percent Comprehensive tax reform
Federal
"Big Bang" Tax Reform: Unleashing Growth in the Canadian Economy
2 Establish a national tax commission to pursue comprehensive tax reform Comprehensive tax reform
FederalProvincial
An Economic Strategy for Canada’s Next Government
3 Cut federal income tax brackets from five to four, trim the corporate rate by two points, drop the surtax on financial institutions and buyback tax, and offset the cost with a GST increase Comprehensive tax reform
FederalProvincial
Putting Canada’s Economy First: The C.D. Howe Institute’s 2025 Shadow Budget
4 Eliminate capital gains tax on qualifying small business shares sold to Canadian buyers Business and investment taxation
Federal
An Economic Strategy for Canada’s Next Government
5 Apply a lower tax rate to income earned from patents and other IP developed in Canada Business and investment taxation
Federal
An Economic Strategy for Canada’s Next Government
6 Introduce a temporary investment tax credit for new business equipment purchases Business and investment taxation
Federal
Canada’s Investment Crisis: Shrinking Capital Undermines Competitiveness and Wages
7 Coordinate federal and provincial benefit programs so combined clawbacks do not push effective tax rates above 50 percent Personal taxation and work incentives
Federal
The Clawback Trap: How Canada’s Benefit System Can Undermine Work and Saving
8 Allow workers to average income over several years so one high-earning year does not trigger an outsized tax bill and benefit clawback Personal taxation and work incentives
Federal
The Clawback Trap: How Canada’s Benefit System Can Undermine Work and Saving
9 Phase out land transfer taxes, which discourage people from moving to better jobs or housing Provincial and Municipal tax reform
ProvincialMunicipal
Stuck in Place: The Effect of Land Transfer Taxes on Housing Transactions
10 Replace land transfer tax revenue with property taxes, which function as a fee for local services rather than a tax on moving Provincial and Municipal tax reform
ProvincialMunicipal
Stuck in Place: The Effect of Land Transfer Taxes on Housing Transactions

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